Choline is a vitamin-like nutrient that helps export accumulating fats in the liver. It is needed for the synthesis of acetylcholine, a key neurotransmitter, which helps maintain cell membranes, transmit nerve impulses, process fat and perform other tasks.

Cyanocobalamin (B-12) is a vital water-soluble nutrient critical for maintaining normal functioning nerve cells. Vitamin B12 is also referred to as the energy vitamin, since it will provide an energy boost after injection as well as increase metabolism. Vitamin B12 is used in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, and is required for fatty acid synthesis.

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid (building block of protein) in the body. The body can make enough glutamine for its regular needs, but extreme stress may cause your body to need more glutamine than it can make. Most glutamine is stored in muscles. Glutamine is important for removing excess ammonia (a common waste product in the body). It also helps your immune system function and appears to be needed for normal brain function and digestion.

Isoleucine is also an essential amino acid that you cannot produce on your own. Dietary proteins are a source of this amino acid as well, including eggs, seaweed, fish and many seeds. Isoleucine is an important amino acid as it assists your body in the utilization of ketone bodies and fatty acids. This is a critical process of fat mobilization and utilization. A deficit of this amino acid can not only limit your ability to mobilize fat.

L-Citrulline is used as a sports performance and cardiovascular health supplement. L-citrulline supplementation results in reduced fatigue and improved endurance for both aerobic and anaerobic prolonged exercise.

L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. It is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.

Leucine is an essential amino acid, which cannot be manufactured in the body. Leucine is used as a dietary supplement because it has been found to slow the breakdown of muscle tissue by increasing the synthesis of muscle proteins.

Lysine is an essential amino acid.

NAC (Acetylcysteine) comes from the amino acid L-cysteine. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

Niacinamide (B3) is a form of vitamin B3, an essential nutrient that helps turn food into cellular energy. It supports healthy skin function, aids in cellular repair, and helps maintain proper metabolic health.

Ornithine has an anti-fatigue effect by increasing the efficiency of energy consumption and promoting the excretion of ammonia. L-ornithine is a free amino acid and is not richly found in meats or fish. So, it is difficult to obtain amounts of L-ornithine from ordinary meals that would be sufficient to promote the anti-fatigue effect. We recommend L-ornithine intake as a nutritional supplement in cases of physical fatigue.

Pantothenic Acid (B5) also known as Dexpanthenol, is critical to the manufacture of red blood cells, as well as stress-related hormones produced in the adrenal glands. Vitamin B5 is also important in maintaining a healthy digestive tract, helps the body use other vitamins, and synthesizes cholesterol.

Pyridoxine (B6) is a water-soluble vitamin. Vitamin B6 is critical for protein metabolism, energy production, and normal nervous system function. It is involved in nearly 60 enzyme systems in the body, necessary for normal growth, red blood cell synthesis, and vitamin B12 absorption.

Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is a natural part of the human diet. This amino acid is also an antioxidant and plays a key role in many biological processes, such as detoxification and regulation of nerve-cell activity.

Thiamine (B1) is involved in many body functions, including nervous system and muscle function, the flow of electrolytes in and out of nerve and muscle cells, digestion, and carbohydrate metabolism.

Valine – Foods high in valine include eggs, elk, seaweed, soy and watercress. Valine, like the other branched-chain amino acids, can be broken down and converted to glycogen for use as fuel. This occurs primarily when your carbohydrate stores are low, or your diet is deficient in specific proteins and amino acids.